水泵六大常見故障及解決方法
一、無法啟動
首先應(ying)檢(jian)查電(dian)源供電(dian)情況：接(jie)頭連接(jie)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)牢靠；開關接(jie)觸是(shi)否(fou)(fou)緊密；保險絲是(shi)否(fou)(fou)熔斷；三相供電(dian)的是(shi)否(fou)(fou)缺相等(deng)。如有斷路(lu)、接(jie)觸不良(liang)、保險絲熔斷、缺相，應(ying)查明原因并及時進行修復。其次檢(jian)查是(shi)否(fou)(fou)是(shi)水泵自身(shen)的機械(xie)故障，常(chang)見(jian)的原因有：填(tian)料(liao)太(tai)緊或葉輪與泵體(ti)之間被雜物(wu)卡住(zhu)而堵塞；泵軸(zhou)、軸(zhou)承、減漏環銹(xiu)住(zhu)；泵軸(zhou)嚴重彎曲等(deng)。排(pai)除(chu)(chu)方法：放松填(tian)料(liao)，疏通(tong)引水槽；拆(chai)開泵體(ti)清除(chu)(chu)雜物(wu)、除(chu)(chu)銹(xiu)；拆(chai)下泵軸(zhou)校正(zheng)或更換新的泵軸(zhou)。
二(er)、配套(tao)動力電動機過熱
原(yuan)(yuan)因有四。一是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)偏高(gao)(gao)或(huo)偏低，在(zai)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)負載(zai)(zai)下，若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)范圍應(ying)(ying)在(zai)額定(ding)(ding)(ding)值的(de)(de)(de)＋10％至(zhi)－5％之外會(hui)(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不(bu)(bu)對稱，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)(xiang)間不(bu)(bu)平衡度(du)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)5％，會(hui)(hui)引(yin)繞(rao)組過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)；缺相(xiang)(xiang)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，經驗表明農(nong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)被(bei)燒毀85%以上(shang)(shang)是(shi)由于缺相(xiang)(xiang)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)造成的(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)安裝缺相(xiang)(xiang)保護裝置。二(er)是(shi)水泵方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因：選(xuan)用動(dong)(dong)(dong)力不(bu)(bu)配(pei)套(tao)，小(xiao)馬拉大車(che)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)長(chang)時間過(guo)(guo)(guo)載(zai)(zai)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)溫度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)；啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)于頻繁、定(ding)(ding)(ding)額為短(duan)時或(huo)斷續工(gong)作制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)連續工(gong)作。應(ying)(ying)限(xian)制(zhi)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)次數，正確選(xuan)用熱(re)保護，按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)標定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)額使(shi)(shi)用。三(san)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因：接法錯誤(wu)，將△形誤(wu)接成Y形，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)迅速升高(gao)(gao)；定(ding)(ding)(ding)子(zi)(zi)繞(rao)組有相(xiang)(xiang)間短(duan)路、匝間短(duan)路或(huo)局(ju)(ju)部接地，輕(qing)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)局(ju)(ju)部過(guo)(guo)(guo)熱(re)，嚴重(zhong)時絕(jue)(jue)緣燒壞；鼠籠轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)斷條或(huo)存(cun)在(zai)缺陷(xian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)1至(zhi)2小(xiao)時，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)溫度(du)迅速上(shang)(shang)升；通風系統發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障，應(ying)(ying)檢(jian)查風扇是(shi)否損壞，旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)向是(shi)否正確，通風孔道是(shi)否堵塞；軸(zhou)承(cheng)磨損、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)偏心掃膛使(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)鐵(tie)(tie)心相(xiang)(xiang)擦發(fa)(fa)出(chu)金(jin)屬撞擊聲，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)溫度(du)迅速上(shang)(shang)升，嚴重(zhong)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)冒煙，甚至(zhi)線圈(quan)燒毀。四是(shi)工(gong)作環(huan)境方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組受潮或(huo)灰(hui)塵、油污等(deng)附著在(zai)繞(rao)組上(shang)(shang)，導(dao)致絕(jue)(jue)緣降低。應(ying)(ying)測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻并進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)清掃、干燥處(chu)理；環(huan)境溫度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)。當環(huan)境溫度(du)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)35℃時，進風溫度(du)高(gao)(gao)，會(hui)(hui)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)(gao)，應(ying)(ying)設(she)法改(gai)善(shan)其工(gong)作環(huan)境。如搭棚遮陽等(deng)。 注意： 因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)因發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障，應(ying)(ying)請獲得(de)專業資格證(zheng)書的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)維修，一知(zhi)半解的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)盲目(mu)維修，防止人(ren)(ren)身傷害事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)。
三、水泵發(fa)熱
原因：軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)損壞；滾動軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)或(huo)(huo)托架(jia)蓋(gai)間(jian)隙(xi)過(guo)小；泵軸(zhou)(zhou)彎曲(qu)或(huo)(huo)兩(liang)軸(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)同心(xin)；膠帶太緊；缺油或(huo)(huo)油質(zhi)不(bu)好；葉輪上的(de)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)孔堵(du)塞(sai)(sai)，葉輪失去平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，增(zeng)大了向一邊的(de)推力。排除(chu)方法：更換軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)；拆除(chu)后蓋(gai)，在托架(jia)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)座之間(jian)加(jia)裝墊片；調查(cha)泵軸(zhou)(zhou)或(huo)(huo)調整兩(liang)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)同心(xin)度；適當調松膠帶緊度；加(jia)注干(gan)凈的(de)黃油，黃油占軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)內空(kong)隙(xi)的(de)60％左右；清(qing)除(chu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)孔內的(de)堵(du)塞(sai)(sai)物。
四、流量不足
這是因(yin)為：動力轉速不(bu)配套或皮帶(dai)(dai)打滑，使轉速偏低(di)；軸流泵(beng)葉(xie)片安裝角(jiao)太小；揚程(cheng)不(bu)足(zu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)太長或管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)有直角(jiao)彎；吸程(cheng)偏高；底閥、管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)及葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)局部堵(du)(du)(du)塞或葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)缺損；出水管(guan)(guan)(guan)漏(lou)水嚴重。排除方法：恢復額定轉速，清除皮帶(dai)(dai)油垢，調整好皮帶(dai)(dai)緊(jin)度；調好葉(xie)片角(jiao)，降低(di)水泵(beng)安裝位(wei)置，縮(suo)短管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或改變管(guan)(guan)(guan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的彎曲(qu)度；密封水泵(beng)漏(lou)氣處，壓緊(jin)填(tian)料(liao)；清除堵(du)(du)(du)塞物，更(geng)換(huan)葉(xie)輪(lun)(lun)；更(geng)換(huan)減漏(lou)環，堵(du)(du)(du)塞漏(lou)水處。
五、吸不上水
原因(yin)是泵(beng)體(ti)內有空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)或進水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)積氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，或是底閥關(guan)閉(bi)不(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)灌引水(shui)(shui)(shui)不(bu)滿、真空(kong)泵(beng)填料嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)漏(lou)(lou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，閘閥或拍門關(guan)閉(bi)不(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)。排除方法：先把水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓上來，再將(jiang)泵(beng)體(ti)注滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)，然后(hou)開機(ji)。同時(shi)檢(jian)查(cha)逆止(zhi)閥是否嚴(yan)(yan)密(mi)，管(guan)(guan)路(lu)、接頭(tou)有無(wu)漏(lou)(lou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)現象，如發現漏(lou)(lou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，拆卸(xie)后(hou)在接頭(tou)處涂(tu)上潤滑油或調合(he)漆，并擰緊(jin)螺絲。檢(jian)查(cha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)油封環，如磨損嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)應更換新件。管(guan)(guan)路(lu)漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或漏(lou)(lou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。可(ke)能安裝(zhuang)時(shi)螺帽擰得(de)不(bu)緊(jin)。若(ruo)滲漏(lou)(lou)不(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong),可(ke)在漏(lou)(lou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)或漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方涂(tu)抹(mo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni),或涂(tu)用(yong)瀝青(qing)油拌(ban)和的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)漿。臨(lin)時(shi)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)修理可(ke)涂(tu)些濕(shi)泥(ni)或軟(ruan)肥皂。若(ruo)在接頭(tou)處漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui),則可(ke)用(yong)扳手擰緊(jin)螺帽,如漏(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)則必須(xu)重(zhong)新拆裝(zhuang)，更換有裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)子；降低揚程，將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)泵(beng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)口壓入水(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)0.5m。
六、劇烈震(zhen)動
主(zhu)要有以(yi)下幾(ji)個原因(yin)：電動轉子(zi)不(bu)平衡；聯軸器結合不(bu)良(liang)；軸承磨損彎曲(qu)；轉動部分(fen)(fen)的零件松(song)動、破裂(lie)；管(guan)路支架(jia)不(bu)牢等原因(yin)。可分(fen)(fen)別采取調整、修理、加固、校直、更換等辦(ban)法(fa)處理。
上述情況是造成(cheng)水泵故(gu)障的常見原因(yin)，并(bing)不是全(quan)部(bu)原因(yin)，實踐中處理故(gu)障，因(yin)實際分析，應遵循先(xian)外(wai)后里(li)的原則，切莫盲目操作(zuo)。
